Ensinamentos amazônicos em tempos de crise ambiental e climática:

diálogos entre a crítica da economia política e a ecologia política

Abstract

This article presents reflections on development and emancipatory struggles within the context of a civilizational crisis driven by the capitalist order, environmental degradation, and the climate emergency. It takes the Amazon and the teachings of its peoples as a reference point for reconstructing the sociometabolic order. The biome is marked by a rich sociobiodiversity that contributes to the balance of the global ecosystem as a whole, yet it faces extreme vulnerability due to the exploitation of its territory for mineral and agribusiness commodity production. The theoretical-methodological approach is grounded in historical-dialectical materialism, drawing on critical social thought through a dialogue between the fields of political economy critique and political ecology. The historical situation of the Amazon is considered emblematic of a predatory development model based on the plundering of common goods and the overexploitation of labor, with the State leading processes of territorial commodification. In this context of crisis, conflicts and challenges in the Pan-Amazon region are intensifying. The teachings of Amazonian peoples—through biocultural resistance and the defense of sociobiodiversity—should serve as a guiding horizon for emancipatory struggles, strengthening a set of strategies for an ecosocialist transition in alliance with class-based, anti-racist, and feminist movements.