As categorias Classes Sociais e Estado no livro primeiro de O Capital

Abstract

The article deals with the presence / absence of the categories social classes and state in the first book of Capital. It does so considering Marx's dual method of research and exposition and the ontological critique of Political Economy that the author conducts  with the introduction of his critical theory of value. In such a way that value is the category that structures, models, shapes social classes and the modern state, which leads us to the hypothesis of the latter two being categories derived from the former. Throughout the exhibition, we highlight other aspects inherent to the value category, which exists only in the society where the capitalist mode of production dominates, and which reveals what is specific in this form of structured sociability according to the logical constraint of expanding value: relations are indirect, intermediated by value; the specific form of wealth is abstract – the very value that can only exist and reproduce itself by enlarging itself, that is, as capital; the specific form of domination is abstract – the domination of commodities carrying value over humankind, and hence the abstract domination of value.