Marx e o marxismo crítico de Postone

Abstract

This text addresses the question of the sources and formation of Marx's thought, a critical theory of capitalism, and takes up Postone's debate between "traditional Marxism" and "critical Marxism". Many Marxisms arose after Marx. Which one represents Marx's true thought? It is interesting to note that Marx would have stated that he did not consider himself a Marxist. Here we only deal with two of them, which we consider to be the most comprehensive ones. Traditional Marxism defines capitalism by private ownership of the means of production, class domination, the exploitation and the class struggle as the engine of history. As a result, a post-capitalist system would be defined by the collective ownership of the means of production, the replacement of the market by planning, the end of class domination and the exploitation of work and the emancipation of the working class as a historical subject and universal class. In contrast, for critical Marxism, the main form of domination is not that of class, but systemic structural domination, exercised by the time of abstract work, origin, substance and measure of value, and also objective and main form of production wealth capitalist. It is in this context that the question of property, domination and class struggle, the exploitation and emancipation of labour must be understood. As a consequence, a post-capitalist society must abolish the domination and systemic coercion of abstract labour, capital and the production of value as the main form of capitalist wealth.